Systemic Cell Death Is Elicited by the Interaction of a Single Gene in Nicotiana clevelandii and Gene VI of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) strains D4 and W260 can be distinguished by the type of symptoms they induce in Nicotiana clevelandii and N.edwardsonii.W260 induces systemic cell death in addition to a mosaic symptom in N.clevelandii and a hypersensitive response (HR) in N.edwardsonii, whereas D4 induces a systemic mosaic in both hosts.To determine

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Metals Are Integral to Life as We Know It

Investigations of biology and the origins of life regularly focus on the components of the central dogma and thus the elements that compose nucleic acids and peptides.Less attention is given to the inorganic components of a biological cell, which are required for biological polymers to function.The Earth was and continues to be rich in metals, and

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